Coffee production in Brazil 1

Coffee production in Brazil is responsible for about a third of all coffee,making Brazil by far the world's largest producer, a position the country has held for the last 150 years. In 2007, 2,249,010 metric tonnes was produced,80% of it was arabica(species of coffee).Although Brazil is the world's largest coffee producer, Brazilian firms do not dominate the international coffee industry. The country's domestic coffee market is dominated by two US coffee processors, Sara Lee and Kraft Foods.

History

Coffee seeds had to be planted in the country as the plant is not indigenous to the Americas. The first coffee bush was planted in Brazil in 1727 in the state of Pará. According to the legend, the government of Brazil was looking for a cut of the coffee market and sent Lt. Col. Francisco de Melo Palheta to smuggle coffee seeds from French Guiana, ostensibly to mediate a border dispute. Instead of turning to the fortress-like coffee farms, Palheta used his personal attractions to persuade the First Lady of French Guiana. Unable to resist his charms, she gave him a bouquet spiked with seedlings at a state farewell dinner before he left for Brazil.

The coffee industry was dependent on slaves, in the first half of the 19th century 1.5 million slaves were imported to Brazil to fill the needs of slave labor on the coffee plantation in the southeast. As the foreign slave trade was finally abolished in Brazil 1850, the plantation owners instead turned to European immigrants to meet the demand of labor.

Coffee production in Colombia 3

The crisis that affected the large estates brought with it one of the most significant changes of the Colombian coffee industry. Since 1875 the number of small coffee producers had begun to grow in Santander as well as in some regions of Antioquia and in the region referred to as Viejo or Old Caldas. In the first decades of the 20th century a new model to develop coffee exports based on the rural economy had already been consolidated, supported by internal migration and the colonization of new territories in the center and western regions of the country, principally in the departments of Antioquia, Caldas, Valle, and in the northern part of Tolima. Both the expansion of this new coffee model and the crisis that affected the large estates allowed the western regions of Colombia to take the lead in the development of the coffee industry in the country.

This transformation was very favorable for the owners of the small coffee estates that were entering the coffee market. The cultivation of coffee was a very attractive option for local farmers, as it offered the possibility of making permanent and intensive use of the land. Under this productive model of the traditional agriculture, based on the slash and burn method, the land remained unproductive for long periods of time. In contrast, coffee offered the possibility of having an intense agriculture, without major technical requirements and without sacrificing the cultivation of subsistence crops, thus generating the conditions for the expansion of a new coffee culture, dominated by small farms.

Although this new breed of coffee farmers demonstrated a significant capacity to grow at the margin of current international prices, Colombia did not have a relatively important dynamism in the global market of this product. As can be observed in the following graph, during the period between 1905 and 1935 the coffee industry in Colombia grew dynamically thanks to the vision and long term politics derived from the creation of the National Federation of Coffee Growers of Colombia in 1927.

The union of local farmers and small producers around the Federation has permitted them to confront logistical and commercial difficulties that would not have been possible individually. With time and through the research made at Cenicafé, founded in 1938, and the Federation's agricultural Extension Service, improved cultivation systems. More efficient spatial patterns were developed that permitted the differentiation of the product and supported its quality. Currently the Land of Coffee in Colombia includes all of the mountain ranges and other mountainous regions of the country, and generates income for over 500,000 coffee farming families.

Coffee production in Colombia 2

Despite these early developments, the consolidation of coffee as a Colombian export did not come about until the second half of the 19th century. The great expansion that the world economy underwent at that time allowed Colombian landowners to find attractive opportunities in international markets. Little by little, the United States became the most important consumer of coffee in the world, while Germany and France became the most important markets in Europe.

The Colombian then landowners had already tried the new opportunities that the expansion of international markets by exploiting. Between 1850 and 1857 the country a significant increase in the tobacco-and quinine-export, and then learn and live cattle. These early efforts in the export of agricultural commodities proved to be vulnerable, they were in fact only reactionary attempts to achieve the highest profitability of the high international prices of the time, as attempts to create a strong and diversified export nation to create platform. The production of these sectors in period of decline, when the ends of their respective Bonanza international awards whatsoever, a real consolidation in the industry was prevented.

With the decline in international prices, the transition of 19 the 20th Century records, reduced the profitability of the large estates. As if this were not enough, the thousand days war, the space in the first years, the new century, is also adversely affected by the large landowners, making it impossible for them to their farms in good condition, this fact summarized fact that these manufacturers had to be made ​​in large quantities of foreign debt in order to further develop their plantations, which ultimately ruined. The coffee plantations of Santander and North Santander entered into crisis, and the estates of Cundinamarca and Antioquia stalled.

Coffee production in Colombia 1

Colombian Coffee is a protected designation of origin granted by the European Union (September 2007) that applies to the coffee produced in Colombia. The Colombian coffee has been recognized worldwide as having high quality and distinctive taste. The main importers of Colombian coffee are United States, Germany, France, Japan, and Italy.

History

Historical data show that the Jesuits coffee seeds brought with them to South America around 1730 CE, but there are several versions. Tradition says that the coffee seeds from a traveler from Guyana, who were brought over by Venezuela before reaching Colombia. The oldest written evidence of the presence of coffee in Colombia is attributed to a Jesuit José Gumilla. In his book, The Illustrated Orinoco (1730), records the presence of coffee in the mission of St. Teresa of Tabaje, near where the river empties into the meta-Orinoco. Further evidence comes from the Archbishop-Viceroy Caballero y Gongora (1787), the presence of the harvest in the northeast of the country near Giron (Santander) and Muzo (Boyaca) in a report he filed with the Spanish authorities .

The first coffee plants were planted in the eastern part of the country. In 1835 the first commercial production was 2560 bags of green coffee were exported from the port of Cucuta, recorded near the border with Venezuela. As a result of a priest named Francisco Romero is very influential in the spread of the crop in the north-east of the country. After hearing the confessions of the parishioners of the town of Salazar de la Palma, it requires the cultivation of coffee as a penance. Coffee was established in the departments of Santander and North Santander, Cundinamarca, Antioquia, Caldas and the historic environment.

Coffee industry of Kenya 2

Kenya Coffee is traded once a week at the Nairobi Coffee Exchange. It is based at The Coffee Plaza, Exchange Lane which is off Haile Selassie Avenue.

The coffee is packed in single sisal bags of 60 kg, but the bids are made per 50 kg bag.

Below is a sample of average prices of coffee (per 60 kg bag) at the auction.

* AA - $153.90

* AB - $114.21C - $97.29

* PB - $120.00T - $83.79

* TT - $111.83

* UG1 -$91.50

* UG2 -$82.90

* UG3- $71.50

Notable coffee estates, cooperatives and factories

* Gikanda Cooperative Society — Gichathaini, Kangocho and Ndaroini Factories (Mathira, Nyeri)

* Kirimiri (Thika)

* Tekangu Cooperative Society — Tegu, Karogoto and Ngunguru Factories (Mathira, Nyeri)

* Thiriku Farmers Co-op Society (Thingingi Area, Nyeri)

Coffee industry of Kenya 1

The coffee industry of Kenya is noted for its cooperative system of production, processing, milling, marketing, and auctioning coffee. About 70% of Kenyan coffee is produced by small scale holders. It is estimated that six-million Kenyans are employed directly or indirectly in the coffee industry. The major coffee growing regions in Kenya are the High Plateaus around Mt. Kenya, the Aberdare Range, Kisii, Nyanza, Bungoma, Nakuru and Kericho. The high plateaus of Mount Kenya, plus the acidic soil provide excellent conditions for growing coffee plants. Coffee from Kenya is of the 'mild arabica'type and is well known for its intense flavor, full body, and pleasant aroma. Since 1989, production in this East African country fell from about 130,000 thousand metric tons to 50,000 tons in 2009.

History

Despite the proximity of Ethiopia (generally assumed that the region arising from the coffee), coffee was not planted in Kenya until 1893, when the French Holy Ghost Fathers introduced coffee trees from Reunion Island. The mission farms near Nairobi, the capital of Kenya have been developed as the core around which Kenyan coffee cultivation was.

Screen Size

While it may often a kind of Kenyan coffee is known, classification of Kenya AA coffee actually grown in Kenya. All Kenyan coffee is assessed after they are ground. Scores awarded based on screen size of the bean. Beans with a screen size of 17 or 18 (17/64 18/64 of an inch) are assigned to the AA rating, usually the largest bean. Although the size of much of its beans as a sign of quality is important to note that there is only a high-grade coffee on many factors in the determination.

Vinacafe 1

Vinacafe (or Vinacafé Bien Hoa JSC) is a Vietnam-based company involved in the production, processing and distribution of coffee and instant cereal mix.It is an affiliate of the Vietnam National Coffee Corporation (abbreviated "Vinacafe"),a Hanoi-based, state-owned corporation under the Ministry of Agriculture and the Food Industry, which deals in the production, processing, export, and import of coffee.Established in 1969 at the Coronel Coffee Plant in Biên Hòa, Đồng Nai Province by French engineer Marcel Coronel, the company was handed over to the state when Coronel and his family left Vietnam at the close of the Vietnam War. The plant successfully processed its first batches of instant coffee in 1977. The Vinacafé brand was established in 1983, and the company became a joint stock company in December 2004. Its coffee products have been awarded the title of "Highest Quality Vietnamese Product" since 1995. The company's director is Mr.Phạm Quang Vũ.

History

The colonel coffee factory was founded in 1969 by French engineer Marcel Coronel, with the aim of affordable coffee for export to France. When Colonel left Vietnam in 1975, took the provisional revolutionary government, the management of the plant. Two years later, in 1977, the plant successfully coffee.Vietnam the first batches of direct access to the Comecon was incorporated in 1978, exports of coffee Vinacafe in the Soviet Union and other Eastern Bloc countries to start. Vinacafe The brand was founded in 1983. After the dissolution of the CMEA in 1991, returned Vinacafe focus on the domestic market and new export markets are examined. Joined Vinacafe was successful "3-in-1" line of instant coffee was introduced in 1993, and has worldwide.n in 60 countries in 1995, the Vietnam National Coffee Corporation was established by decision of the government, a summary of a number of smaller companies, including plantations.Based of Bien Hoa coffee plant and about 49 other coffee in Hanoi this state parent company operates under the Ministry of Agriculture and the food industry in the production, processing, export and import of coffee, as well as many other products related to agriculture such as food and industrial crops, fish, machinery parts, and so on. Vinacafe Bien Hoa was a public company in December 2004. Since 2005, the domestic market share Vinacafe instant coffee 50%, edges of Nestle's share of 33%.